Powering Through: A Facility Manager's Guide to Generators

Generators are far too often an overlooked system in the myriad of systems in a modern building.  Luckily that is not necessarily the case for building engineers.    But as more and more of these bastions of institutional  knowledge retire, the possibility that  knowledge of the generator system  could slip through the cracks.   It is essential that every FM has a thorough understanding of this  system including location of all components, their PM schedule, what the generator powers and for how long and way to refuel them.  Failure of any part of this can easily lead to disaster.  Believe me, I have seen it first hand.   

In today's world of critical infrastructure and constant connectivity, power outages can spell disaster. From disrupting business operations and compromising safety to damaging sensitive equipment, the consequences of power loss can be severe. For facility managers, ensuring a reliable power supply is paramount, and generators play a crucial role in achieving this goal. This guide delves into the world of generators, offering valuable insights for selecting, installing, maintaining, and operating these essential power backup systems.

Understanding the Basics

Generators are essentially engines that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. They consist of a fuel-powered engine, an alternator, and various control components. When the primary power supply fails, the generator kicks in, providing electricity to critical systems and equipment.

Types of Generators:

• Portable Generators: Smaller, portable units typically used for residential or small-scale commercial applications.

• Standby Generators: Larger, permanently installed units designed to automatically provide backup power during outages.

• Industrial Generators: Heavy-duty generators for large-scale industrial and commercial applications, often capable of powering entire facilities.

Fuel Sources:

• Diesel: Commonly used for larger generators, offering good fuel efficiency and reliability.

• Natural Gas: A cleaner-burning option, often readily available through existing utility lines.

• Propane: A versatile fuel source, often stored in tanks for on-site availability.

Why Generators are Essential for Facility Managers

Generators provide a critical safety net for facilities, offering several key benefits:

• Business Continuity: During power outages, generators ensure continued operation of critical systems, minimizing downtime and preventing financial losses.

• Life Safety: Generators power essential life safety systems, such as emergency lighting, fire alarms, and security systems, protecting occupants and property.

• Equipment Protection: Sensitive equipment, such as computers, servers, and medical devices, can be damaged by power fluctuations. Generators provide clean and stable power, preventing costly repairs or replacements.

• Environmental Control: Generators can power HVAC systems, maintaining comfortable temperatures and preventing damage to temperature-sensitive inventory or equipment.

Selecting the Right Generator

Choosing the appropriate generator for your facility requires careful consideration of several factors:

• Power Requirements: Determine the total power needs of the critical systems and equipment that need to be backed up during an outage.

• Fuel Source: Consider the availability, cost, and environmental impact of different fuel sources.

• Run Time: Assess how long the generator needs to operate during an outage, considering factors like fuel capacity and anticipated restoration time.

• Installation Location: Choose a suitable location for the generator, considering factors like noise levels, ventilation, and accessibility for maintenance.

• Budget: Balance performance requirements with budget constraints, considering both initial purchase costs and long-term operating expenses.

Installation and Maintenance

Proper installation and maintenance are crucial for ensuring the reliable operation of a generator:

• Professional Installation: Engage qualified electricians and technicians to install the generator according to local codes and manufacturer guidelines.

• Regular Maintenance: Adhere to a strict maintenance schedule, including oil changes, filter replacements, and periodic inspections, to prevent breakdowns and ensure optimal performance.

• Load Bank Testing: Conduct periodic load bank testing to simulate real-world conditions and verify the generator's ability to handle the required load.

• Fuel Management: Ensure an adequate supply of fuel and implement proper fuel storage and handling procedures.

Operating Procedures and Safety

Developing clear operating procedures and prioritizing safety are essential for effective generator management:

• Operator Training: Train designated personnel on proper generator operation, including startup and shutdown procedures, monitoring protocols, and emergency response.

• Safety Protocols: Establish safety protocols to prevent accidents and injuries, including proper ventilation, lockout/tagout procedures, and protective equipment requirements.

• Emergency Preparedness: Develop and rehearse emergency procedures for generator failure or other unforeseen circumstances.

Advanced Generator Technologies

Advancements in generator technology are enhancing performance, efficiency, and sustainability:

• Automatic Transfer Switches (ATS): ATS systems automatically detect power outages and switch to generator power, ensuring seamless transition and minimizing downtime.

• Remote Monitoring and Control: Remote monitoring systems provide real-time data on generator performance, allowing for proactive maintenance and remote troubleshooting.

• Sound Attenuation: Modern generators incorporate sound-attenuating enclosures and exhaust systems to minimize noise pollution.

• Emissions Control: Advanced emissions control technologies reduce the environmental impact of generator operation.

Generators and Sustainability

While generators are primarily associated with backup power, they can also contribute to sustainability goals:

• Combined Heat and Power (CHP): CHP systems utilize the heat generated by the generator to provide heating or hot water, improving overall energy efficiency.

• Renewable Fuel Sources: Explore the use of renewable fuels, such as biodiesel or biogas, to power generators.

• Microgrids: Generators can be integrated into microgrids, allowing for localized power generation and reducing reliance on the traditional grid.

Conclusion

Generators are indispensable assets for facility managers, providing a critical safety net against power outages and ensuring business continuity, life safety, and equipment protection. By understanding the different types of generators, selecting the right unit for their needs, and implementing proper installation, maintenance, and operating procedures, facility managers can ensure a reliable power supply and optimize building performance. Embracing advancements in generator technology and considering sustainable practices can further enhance the efficiency and environmental responsibility of these essential power backup systems.

Final though, generators require exercise, skip it at your peril, thanks for reading,

Jason Kinikin, CFM, SFP

IFMA CC Communication Committee